Turf Toe

Definition

A metatarsal phalangeal joint sprain is an injury to the joint and connective tissue between the foot and one of the toes. When the big toe (1st phalange) is involved, it is known as "turf toe"

Cause

Turf toe is named from the injury being associated with playing sports on rigid surfaces. Athletic shoes with very flexible soles combined with cleats that grab the turf will cause overextension of the big toe.

Additionally, worn out shoes allow too much freedom of motion in the forefoot area. This lack of support will assist in transference of forces from the shoe to the foot, increasing the likelihood of injury. The toe is hyper-extended and thus the joint is injured. This can occur on the lesser toes as well.

A variation of "turf" toe can also happen when the nail bed is forced into the cuticle and swelling with isolated pain may occur.

Treatment and Prevention

The immediate treatment for all grades of sprains is the same, Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Gentle range of motion exercises should be instituted as pain allows, bending the toe gently within the limits of pain. As the pain decreases, the amount of motion increases. An orthotic device with a spring steel insert will support the toe along with supportive athletic shoes.